OMIM

CDA type I is a rare inherited red blood cell disorder characterized by macrocytic anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis, and secondary hemochromatosis. It is occasionally associated with bone abnormalities, especially of the hands and feet (acrodysostosis), nail hypoplasia, and scoliosis (Tamary et al., 2005). Striking morphologic abnormalities of erythroblasts, reviewed by Wickramasinghe and Wood (2005), include the 'Swiss-cheese' abnormality of erythroblasts on electron microscopy. Four types of CDA, all of which show show ineffective erythropoiesis and multinuclear erythroblasts, have been characterized by clinical and hematopoietic findings. The classification of the first 3 types is based on that described by Wendt and Heimpel (1967). Type I is characterized by megaloblastic changes. The more common type II (224100) is characterized by normocytic binuclear or multinuclear red cells, which on electron microscopy contain double cytoplasmic membranes. Type III (105600), which shows autosomal dominant inheritance, has prominent erythroblastic multinuclearity forming 'gigantoblasts' with up to 12 nuclei. Type IV (613673) is the designation given to a form of CDA with characteristics different from those of types I, II, and III (Wickramasinghe et al., 1991; Arnaud et al., 2010). (224120)

MalaCards based summary

Anemia, Congenital Dyserythropoietic, Type Ia, also known as cda i, is related to congenital dyserythropoietic anemia and dyserythropoiesis, congenital, with ultrastructurally normal erythroblast heterochromatin, and has symptoms including splenomegaly, hydrops fetalis and reticulocytosis. An important gene associated with Anemia, Congenital Dyserythropoietic, Type Ia is CDAN1 (Codanin 1). The drugs Iron and Omeprazole have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include bone, heart and bone marrow, and related phenotypes are Decreased viability and Increased gamma-H2AX phosphorylation

NIH Rare Diseases

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) type 1 is an inheritedblood disorder characterized by moderate to severe anemia. It is usually diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, although in some cases, the condition can be detected before birth. Many affected individuals have yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) and an enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly). This condition also causes the body to absorb too much iron, which builds up and can damage tissues and organs. In particular, iron overload can lead to an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia), congestive heart failure, diabetes, and chronic liver disease (cirrhosis). Rarely, people with CDA type I are born with skeletal abnormalities, most often involving the fingers and/or toes. CDA type I usually results from mutations in the CDAN1 (about 90% of the cases) and C150RF41 genes (about 1% of the cases). In about 9% of the cases no cause can be identified. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Treatment involves medication such as interferon, and sometimes bone marrow transplant. Last updated: 2/20/2017

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Anemia, congenital dyserythropoietic, 1A: An autosomal recessive blood disorder characterized by morphological abnormalities of erythroblasts, ineffective erythropoiesis, macrocytic anemia and secondary hemochromatosis. It is occasionally associated with bone abnormalities, especially of the hands and feet (acrodysostosis), nail hypoplasia, and scoliosis. Ultrastructural features include internuclear chromatin bridges connecting some nearly completely separated erythroblasts and an abnormal appearance (spongy or Swiss-cheese appearance) of the heterochromatin in a high proportion of the erythroblasts.